En grupp brittiska forskare har tagit fram en ny metod som de anser har enorm potential till att kunna behandla alla typer av cancer.
Forskarna har manipulerat kroppens egna försvar mot tumörer med den så kallade gensaxen Crispr-Cas9, och på detta sätt lyckats lära en T-cell att angripa de flesta former av cancerceller utan att ge sig på friska celler. Häftigt!
“…discovered a T-cell and its receptor that could find and kill a wide range of cancerous cells in the lab including lung, skin, blood, colon, breast, bone, prostate, ovarian, kidney and cervical cancer cells.
Crucially, it left normal tissues untouched.”
Antagligen behöver metoden testas ytterligare för att säkerställa att inga friska celler angrips. Det finns hundratals olika celltyper i kroppen.
“Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-independent, T cell–mediated targeting of cancer cells would allow immune destruction of malignancies in all individuals. Here, we use genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screening to establish that a T cell receptor (TCR) recognized and killed most human cancer types via the monomorphic MHC class I-related protein, MR1, while remaining inert to noncancerous cells. Unlike mucosal-associated invariant T cells, recognition of target cells by the TCR was independent of bacterial loading. Furthermore, concentration-dependent addition of vitamin B-related metabolite ligands of MR1 reduced TCR recognition of cancer cells, suggesting that recognition occurred via sensing of the cancer metabolome. An MR1-restricted T cell clone mediated in vivo regression of leukemia and conferred enhanced survival of NSG mice. TCR transfer to T cells of patients enabled killing of autologous and nonautologous melanoma. These findings offer opportunities for HLA-independent, pan-cancer, pan-population immunotherapies.”
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-019-0578-8
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51182451
https://www.svt.se/nyheter/vetenskap/ny-behandling-mot-cancer-upptackt-enorm-potential
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